How does fuel economy work?

In all automobiles there is a speed range for the fuel economy run. Do you know how exactly it works?

First lets see what air fuel ratio is. As from Wikipedia Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to fuel present in a combustion process such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace. The AFR is an important measure for anti-pollution and performance-tuning reasons.

If exactly enough air is provided to completely burn all of the fuel, the ratio is known as the stoichiometric mixture, often abbreviated to stoich.

AFR numbers lower than stoichiometric are considered "rich". Rich mixtures are less efficient, but may produce more power and burn cooler, which is kinder on the engine. AFR numbers higher than stoichiometric are considered "lean." Lean mixtures are more efficient but may cause engine damage or premature wear and produce higher levels of nitrogen oxides.

For precise AFR calculations, the oxygen content of combustion air should be specified because of possible dilution by ambient water vapor, or enrichment by oxygen additions.

Your vehicle get maximum fuel economy when the engine is using the right amount of gas. Fuel for automobile is a mixture of air and petrol/ diesel. So for the perfect fuel economy, you vehicle should be running at  a particular speed where the engine gets the right ratio of air and gas mixture. Lets say the economy range is 45kph to 60kph.

1. When the speed is less.

When the vehicle speed is less than the economy range there is less air passing in through the intake so to compromise to the ratio more gas is consumed.

2. When the speed is more.

When the speed is more than the economy more air is passed in through the intake and in order to prevent lean mixture more fuel is supplied.

3. Economy range.

In the economy speed range right amount of air is supplied into the engine and thus right ratio of fuel with the best fuel efficiency is provided.

Driving in the fuel economy range is good for not just the engine, its good for the future, its good for environment and its good for your bank account.

BMW M2

The much anticipated all new BMW M2 is finally here.

This is one of the most beautiful looking coupe. The M2 has a more aggressive look than the M235i. The all new bumpers with 3 air dams and the rear end features a discreet trunk-mounted spoiler and four exhaust tips integrated into an air diffuser that’s painted gloss black.

All new 19-inch light weight forged rims with Michelin pilot super sport tyres give better road grip and road holding ability.

 Now lets talk about interior. The interior is spectacular.

M2 gets a three spoke steering wheel designed by the BMW's M division, sporty leather seats with blue stitching,adjustable side bolsters and an M footrest and knee pad on the center console for the driver. The M logo is sprinkled throughout the cockpit. Carbon fiber dashboard adds to the sporty touch.

Now lets take a look at the engine.

The M2 is powered by a 3-liter turbocharged six cylinder engine producing 370bhp and 465Nm torque and this torque can be increased to 500Nm with over-boost function. The M2 can reach 60mph from 0 in 4.2 seconds using the 7-speed automatic gearbox.

Expected price in India should be somewhere around 50 lakhs

Supercharger and Turbocharger

What is Supercharging and Turbocharging?

A supercharger is a turbine that compresses the air supplied to the ICE ( Internal Combustion engine) and thus increases the pressure and density of air supplied to the engine. Therefore more oxygen is supplied to the engine during each intake cycle, letting more fuel burn and there by increasing the power output. The power for the working of turbine is obtained from the working of engine via a belt, gear, shaft or chain.

Supercharger

There are mainly two types of supercharger, namely, Positive displacement and Dynamic compressor .

Positive displacement compressor provides a constant and a fixed amount of air at all speeds. Therefore the power is available during every revolution.. Whereas Dynamic compressors rely on accelerating the air to high speed and then exchanging that velocity for pressure by diffusing or slowing it down. That means, dynamic compressors do not provide pressure at low speeds. As speed increases above a certain rpm the power get delivered( usually called as power lagging).

Whereas, the key difference between turbocharger and supercharger is that the power for the turbine in turbocharger is obtained from the exhaust from the ICE

Turbocharger

A turbocharger is more efficient, provides more power and produce less emission than a naturally aspirated engine. The turbocharger is less responsive than a supercharger. Turbocharger is commonly used in Petrol and Diesel engines but they are also found useful in fuel cells. Because they are smaller in size and less complicated, they are more preferred. 

Apart from these, a twin-charger refers to an engine using both supercharger and turbocharger. 

Supercharging and turbocharging are widely used these days as they are fuel efficient, provides more power and produce less emission.

FASTEST MOTORCYCLES IN THE WORLD

Ninja H2

Over the years many motorcycle manufactures have released their super bikes with challenging top speeds. So lets take a look at who leads the race. Actually many super bikes that were released recently have their top speeds almost same as to the others. The Suzuki Hayabusa (or GSX1300R) had their lead for a very long while. And many still thinks they are still the fastest. But yes, Hayabusa is still on the list but not the fastest. Hayabusa has a top speed of 194 mph( approx. 312 kph) 

Hayabusa

The Ducati 1199 Superleggera has a top speed of 202 mph(325 kph) and is faster than Hayabusa. It had a price tag of $65,000.( appr ox. 43lakh

INR)

Ducati 1199 Superleggera

Ducati's latest model the 1299 Panigale, BMW S1000RR, Honda RC213V-S, Kawasaki Ninja H2 all have their top speed of 185mph( approx 298kph)

Ducati 1299 Panigale

                                       

BMW S1000RR

The Ninja H2's track only version Ninja H2R does a top speed of 222 mph( approx. 357kph). The Ninja H2 and H2R are the most powerful road legal production bike currently.

MV Agusta F4 R 312 does a top speed of 194mph(312kph).

Where as there is a superbike The MTT Turbine Superbike, also known as the Y2K Turbine Superbike which is currently the worlds fastest motor cycle and the most expensive. But the production of this bike ended back in 2005. But I'm not sure if i would want to own this thing even if i had the money. The machine is powered by a Rolls-Royce-Allison Model 250 gas turbine. The bike claims to have a top speed of 250 mph which is close to 400 kph but they have never proven so.

Y2K Turbine superbike.

Another bike on the list is an Electric motorcycle! Its called Lightning LS-218

The manufacture claims this glorified torch does a top speed of 218 mph(351kph). But they too have never proven so. This bike production started in 2014.

Lightning LS 218

These are the fastest bike on my list. Sorry if i have missed out any. Do let me know if so.  

CATIA V5 designing a Enzo Ferrari

Many people have asked me what is it like learning Designing software like Catia V5, Solidworks etc. So here is a video that tells you what designing software are and how fun it is. Check it out, Designing Enzo Ferrari by ALBERTO CERRUDO ( https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs-06P0fBmsfgE-ecaBFytw/feed)

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AMT transmission

Ever wondered what AMT Gear shift is? We often see this in many new car and most of the people think its just a term referred for Automatic Gear Transmission. Well, its not.

AMT or Automated Manual Transmission is transmission that's mechanically similar to a stick-shift, except a computer performs the clutch work. In AMT you can either shift it to the D-mode and it will pretty much work as an Automatic Transmission. And then you have the second choice where you can do the transmission manually but you don't have to worry about the position of the gear knob because you have only '+' and '-' positions. The '+' position is when you want a higher gear and '-' is when  you want a lower gear. There are mainly two types of AMTs, namely, single clutch and dual clutch AMT transmissions.

Single-clutch AMTs are older, lurch-prone and generally unpleasant. Dual-clutch AMTs, on the other hand, are designed to eliminate lurching, and the best units provide incredibly quick yet perfectly smooth shifts. Most AMT-equipped cars use dual-clutch technology.

Pros: Better fuel economy, acceleration and responsiveness are better when compared with an Automatic Transmission. The magic of the AMT lies in its ability to combine the fuel economy and performance of a true manual with the everyday convenience of an automatic.The cons for AMT are few but notable. Its expensive because the technology is complex.It would also need an expensive repair if anything goes wrong. All engines haven't still worked out low speed AMT behavior yet.

Overall AMT vehicles are like a car with manual transmission without a clutch and is a huge victory for automotive progress.